This Week's Emacs Commands

If you've ever played keywiz on Emacs: "M-x keywiz", you were probably eating humble-hacker-pie by the end of the game. (For the uninitiated, keywiz is a game in emacs that's asks 10 random questions about key-bindings for some times obscure emacs commands.) So far my top score is 4 (out of 10).

So what is a novice to do? I've decided to write commands I want to learn on sticky notes on my monitor until I memorize them.

So, without further ado, here's this weeks list of new commands:

M-g g
goto line. This command will ask for a line number and take you there in the current file.

C-x v=
vc-diff. This command will show a diff between current file and HEAD in whatever Version Control System you are using.

C-x vv
vc-next-action. This command will perform the next appropriate VCS command, such as add current file to staging, or commit.

C-M-\
indent-region. If there is a defined region, this command will indent it.

C-M-; comment-region. If there is a defined region, this command will comment the region out. (or uncomment a commented out region.)

A note: to define a region. Do a C-[spc] at the beginning of the region and then move to the end of the region however you'd like (arrow keys, C-n, C-f, C-v). If you can't see the regions add the following to your .emacs file: (transient-mark-mode 1).

Second note, in the above key combination, capital C, means hold the Ctrl key, capital M, means hold the Alt key. If there are dashes between letters: type them together (or with C or M hold the Ctrl or Alt key while typing the other key. So with M-g g: Hold Alt while typing g, let go and then type g again.)

Now off to work on a new version of keywiz, perhaps keywiz-jr!

Using Gnu Screen

I've been a long time user of Linux and the command line, but not until recently have I used the amazing program: screen. Screen is a terminal multiplexor. This means you can have multiple sessions open at the same time (even over a single ssh connection) and flip back and forth between them.
Prior to discovering screen I'd often be ssh'd into a remote server editing a file when the ssh session would time out or drop and I'd have to quickly open up a new terminal and start editing the file again. Now while using screen, the screen session itself is independent of the ssh session. So if my ssh connection flakes out, I start up a new terminal, ssh into the server, "reattach" the previous screen session to this new terminal and all of my work: my emacs window, my bash jobs, etc are still running in the screen session!

How to start screen

bart@home: $ ssh boris@remote-server-in-distant-vladivostok
boris@distant-vlad: $ screen

If you already have a screen session running on the remote server you can reattach with:
boris@distant-vlad: $ screen -r

I like to use the options: -raAd, mostly because it looks raad.
boris@distant-vlad: $ screen -raAd

r: means reattach previous session
a: include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each window's termcap
A: Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the current terminal
d: Forceably detach any sessions that are still holding on to this (your workstation at work for instance).

Create new sessions

Once inside screen to start a new session use the keyboard combination: C-a c. That is, "Ctrl-a c". (the mnemonic is c for "create window") This will create a new window move you to it. To move back to the previous window, do a C-a C-a. You can also use the keyboard combos C-a n and C-a p to move to the Next and Previous windows. Or you can move to a window directly using its number with C-a 3 (or whatever number it is.)

customizing screen with .screenrc

If you are an emacs user or if you use the emacs shortcuts on the command line, than you know that C-a is already used as the command to bring the cursor to the beginning of the line. So what to do? You can change the default keyboard bindings in the .screenrc configuration file in your home directory. If it doesn't already exist, create it and add the following line:
escape ^Bb

or whatever you want to use as the control sequence. This will change the control sequence from C-a to C-b, other people use other keys, some use the backslash "\" instead. So now if you have changed to C-b, then to toggle between windows use:
C-b C-b and so on...

Another good thing to add to the screenrc is code for a modeline, so you can see the available windows:
caption string "%?%F%{= Bk}%? %C%A %D %d-%m-%Y %{= kB} %t%= %?%F%{= Bk}%:%{= wk}%? %n "
hardstatus alwayslastline
hardstatus string '%{= kG}[ %{G}%H %{g}][%= %{= kw}%?%-Lw%?%{r}(%{W}%n*%f%t%?(%u)%?%{r})%{w}%?%+Lw%?%?%= %{g}][%{B} %d/%m %{W}%c %{g}]'


This code will add a modeline to the bottom of the terminal that tells you which window you are in and also the numbers or names of the sessions.


Irssi is Screen's BFF

Best of all you can keep a session of Irssi (an irc client) running at all times in a screen session and always be up to date with your favorite IRC channels.

Additional Screen resources

Screen Quick Reference
Stayin' Alive with Screen
Power Sessions with Screen
Guide to Using Irssi with Screen